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Historical Dictionary Projects

• Cambridge Ancient Greek Lexicon (Sample, Legacy pages)
• Centre for Corpus Linguistics (Birmingham)
• Centre for the Greek Language, Thessaloniki
• Chicago Demotic Dictionary Project
• COBUILD (Corpus-based English lexicography)
• Diccionario griego-español
• Dictionary of Mediaeval Latin from Celtic Sources
• Dictionary Research Centre (Birmingham)
  
• Lexicon of Greek Personal Names (Oxford)
• Dicionário Grego-Português (Lisbon)
• Lexikon des frühgriechischen Epos
• Oxford English Dictionary
• Examining the OED (with papers)
• Suda On Line (Kentucky)
• Woordenboek Grieks (Leiden: contact information)

Online Dictionaries

(Organised by Language-Groups)
This page focuses on scholarly monolingual and bilingual dictionaries.
• For a good coverage of neologisms in English and other languages, see Wiktionary
• For online text translation, see the machine translation systems listed on another page.
• For dictionary suites and forums providing translations of words and phrases, see
  Bab.La (2007), LEO (2006), Logos (1995), Wiktionary (2002),
  and Xavier Nègre's Lexilogos combined interface.
• For links to other dictionaries, see Wikipedia.

• Arabic-English Lexicon (1868: Edward Lane)

• Hiztegi Batua (Monolingual Basque Dictionary)
• Basque-English Dictionary (Mikel Morris)

  • Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm (1854-1960: search)
  • Wörterbuchnetz (links to other Germanic and Luxembourgish dictionaries)
  • Other Germanic and Scandinavian Dictionaries

• Gaelic Etymological Dictionary (McBain, 1911)
• Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language (Royal Irish Academy: 1913-1976)
• Early Irish Glossaries Database (Cambridge)
• Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (Welsh-English, concise first edition, and second edition a-b: PDFs)
  • Robert Cawdrey's A Table Alphabeticall (1604)
  • Chambers Dictionaries (search)
  • Oxford English Dictionary III
  • Online Etymological Dictionary (main source dictionaries: E Weekley 1921, E Klein 1971,
    OED II 1989, RK Barnhart 1988, F Holthausen 1927, BA Kipfer - RL Chapman 2007)
  • Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (Bosworth-Toller, 1898: Kentucky)
  • Middle English Dictionary (2001: Michigan)
  • Concise Oxford Dictionary (also bilingual dictionaries)
  • Dictionary of the Scots Language (Historical)
  • Webster's Dictionary (1828/1913; another 1828)
  • Wordnik (definitions from older dictionaries, e.g. The Century Dictionary 1895,
    combined with a new call for example 'slips': see CSM article)
    • Other word reference tools: Thesaurus (aggregator)
    • Reverse Dictionary (index to other dictionaries: enter the concept)
    • Search software for synonyms and hyponyms from the WordNet database:
      Graphic Social Networks: WordVis (clear), Snappy Words (very dynamic, quite cluttered)
      Word Lists with Hyperlinks: Hyponyms, Other Semantic Relations
    • Literary Word Reference (tools)

• Trésor de la Langue Français (with etymologies: CNTRL)
• Historical French Dictionaries (the great works: CNTRL)
• ARTFL (Dictionaries, Encyclopédie: Chicago)
  L'Encyclopédie (Diderot, D'Alembert: search)
• Dictionnaine étymologique, critique, historique ... (Noel & Carpentier, 1839)
  • Portal for the Greek Language (Thessaloniki)
  • A Modern Greek-English Dictionary (Georgakis: alpha written)
  • Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek (Triantafyllides)
  • Reverse Index (Anastasiadi-Symeonidi)
  • Concise Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (Kriaras: a - paratheke)
  • Basic Lexicon of Ancient Greek (Kazazis)
  • Liddell Scott Jones (TLG; Perseus, PhiloLogic Version)
  • Bailly, Abrégé du dictionnaire grec-français
  • Woodhouse (English to Greek Dictionary)

• Lewis and Short, A Latin Dictionary (1879: Perseus, plus PhiloLogic Version)
• Etymological Dictionary of the Latin Language (Valpy, 1828)
• Dizionario Etimologico della Lingua Italiana di Ottorino Pianigiani
• Lessico Etimilogico Italiano (Max Pfister, Wiesbaden 1984-)
• Treccani Vocabolario (online dictionary, with encyclopaedia & biographical dictionary)
• Novo Dizionario Scolastico della Lingua Italiana dell'uso e fuori uso (Petrocchi, 1899)
• Tesoro della Lingua Italiana delle Origini
  • Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language (1935-40, in Russian)
  • Russian Etymological Dictionaries (Vasmer et al.)

• Diccionario de la lengua española (Real Academia Española)

History of Lexicography

• English lexicography (Erdmann and Cho: Web Archive)
• Lexicons of Early Modern English (Toronto)
• Dictionaries printed in Britain 1467-1646 (Indiana State University)
  Historical dictionary collection
• Dr Johnson's House
  • Plan and Preface to the Dictionary (Google, Gutenberg)

Associations and Publications

• Dictionary Society of North America
  (Dictionaries Journal is now becoming available on the MUSE archive )
• EURALEX (European Association for Lexicography)
• International Journal of Lexicography
• Lexicographica (TOC & abstracts)

Greek and Latin Vocabulary Tools

• Latin Grammar: Allen & Greenough
• Greek Grammars: Gildersleeve, Smyth, Goodwin (verbs)
• Detailed Kuhner-Gerth I: Word Form (II: Syntax)

• Other Tools: Aristarchus (searching Greek and Latin vocabulary: Genoa)
• Demetrios (vocabulary database of Septuagint Greek: last updated 2005)
• Manuscripts, Papyri, Inscriptions (digital projects)
• Eton Greek Software Project (vocabulary tests)
• Greek & Latin Search Tools (Perseus)
• PAWAG (Poorly Attested Words in Ancient Greek: Genoa. Download SP Ionic font for searches)
• WordChorus (Henry Lynam: phonemic patterns in Perseus Greek texts. info)

Typographic Tools (see also Print Typography, ePublishing)
• Alpheios (Greek and Latin Firefox extensions and texts: Donald Mastronarde)
• DIOGENES (search software for TLG and PHI disks: Peter Heslin)
• eSpeak (speech software for Unicode Ancient Greek text)
• File Extension Listings: Filext, File-Extensions, Data Formats (DMOZ)
• Google nGram Viewer (word-frequency calculator for Googlebooks texts: help)
• HTML Character Tutorial (descriptions, history of the '@' sign)
• HTML Accent Codes (tabulated version)
• RJ TextEd (powerful Unicode source and web development editor: Rickard Johansson)
• Sibylla (tool for typing Ancient Greek in Windows)
• Text Encoding Initiative (Dictionary Tagging, 2004 release)
• The TEI Dictionary Schema: its worth and weakness (a personal view: on this server)
• Galaxie Unicode Font Converter (Greek and Hebrew)
• Unicode Script Converter
• XSL 1.1 Elements (WWW Consortium)
  Greek Fonts
  
  • Beta Code PDFs (TLG): Beta to Unicode, Full Manual
  • Greek Font Society (Athens: Unicode versions of traditional fonts)
  • Hellenic Resources Institute (including fonts)
  • Linguist's Software (LaserGreek $)
  • Silver Mountain (SGreek, TLG Workplace $)
  • Unicode, Character charts (Wikipedia)
  • Stoa Guide to Unicode (Patrick Rourke)
  • Unicode (TLG discussion: Nick Nicholas)
  • Unicode Test Page (TLG)

Courses

Conferences
• Euralex
• Association des sciences de langage (French conferences)